Paintbrush Lily | A South African Flower that Captivated 18th-Century Europe

The paintbrush lily (Haemanthus albiflos) is a perennial plant notable for its unique appearance, characterized by white, brush-like stamens. Because of its distinctive look, it has been widely appreciated as an ornamental plant and is easy to grow indoors.

In this article, I will introduce its basic information, cultural and historical background, and tips for cultivation.

Basic Information

• Scientific name: Haemanthus albiflos
• Family: Amaryllidaceae
• Origin: South Africa
• Appearance: It has thick, fleshy leaves and produces dense clusters of white, thread-like stamens. The name “paintbrush lily” comes from its resemblance to an eyebrow brush.
• Blooming season: From autumn to winter

Cultural Significance Around the World

The paintbrush lily grows naturally in South Africa, where it is sometimes regarded as a symbol of longevity and prosperity.

Due to its thick leaves and drought resistance, it is recognized as a plant of vitality and is often used as home decoration.

In Europe, it was introduced in the 18th century and displayed as a rare ornamental plant, particularly in the greenhouses of Britain and France. Its distinctive floral form also made it a popular subject for botanical art.

In Japan, too, it is appreciated as a potted plant for its unusual shape.

Historical Background

The paintbrush lily was brought from South Africa to Europe in the 18th century by botanists, where it began to be cultivated in greenhouses.

In Britain, it was collected as an exotic plant and exhibited in botanical gardens.

During the Victorian era in the 19th century, unusual and striking plants were particularly fashionable, and the paintbrush lily gained popularity in this context. It was also depicted in botanical illustrations and became known among gardening enthusiasts.

In Japan, it was introduced in the late Edo to early Meiji period, where its distinctive flowers were highly valued.

Today, it continues to be cultivated as a houseplant and is appreciated as a decorative element for interiors.

Gardening Advice

The paintbrush lily is easy to grow, but to ensure healthy and beautiful growth, it is best to follow these guidelines:

Light

Prefers bright, indirect light or partial shade. Avoid direct sunlight, and place it where filtered light can reach.

Watering

Water when the surface of the soil has dried. As it dislikes excessive moisture, reduce watering during winter.

Soil

Use well-draining soil, such as a succulent mix or potting soil with added pumice.

Fertilizer

During the growing season (spring–summer), feed with a slow-release fertilizer about once a month. Reduce fertilizer in winter.

Cold tolerance

Sensitive to cold. Keep indoors during winter and maintain temperatures above 10°C for stable growth.

Conclusion

The paintbrush lily is cherished worldwide for its unique floral form and ease of cultivation.

In South Africa, it is regarded as a symbol of vitality, while in Europe, it became a prized plant among collectors and gardeners from the 18th century onward. In Japan, too, it has long been grown as an ornamental plant that brightens up interiors during winter.

As a hardy and low-maintenance plant, it is suitable even for beginners. With the right care, I can enjoy its beautiful flowers year after year.