Myrtle: Features and Care

Myrtle is an evergreen shrub known for its pure white flowers and fragrant leaves. It is widely cultivated around the Mediterranean and is popular as an ornamental plant or garden hedge. Its delicate flowers and aromatic leaves have been valued in many cultures.

This article explores the characteristics, cultural significance, historical background, and care of myrtle.

Basic Information

• Scientific Name: Myrtus communis
• Family: Myrtaceae
• Origin: Mediterranean region, Western Asia
• Appearance: A glossy-leaved evergreen shrub that blooms from May to July, producing small white flowers with delicate thread-like stamens and a sweet fragrance. In autumn, it bears dark purple berries.
• Flowering Period: May–July
• Fruiting Period: Autumn

Cultural Significance Around the World

Today, myrtle is widely cultivated as a garden plant and hedge and is appreciated in various cultures.

In Europe, myrtle remains closely associated with weddings. Since Queen Victoria, it has been a tradition in the British royal family for brides to include a sprig of myrtle in their bouquets. In Southern Europe, particularly in Italy and Greece, myrtle branches are used in wedding decorations and wreaths to wish the bride good fortune.

In the Mediterranean region, myrtle is commonly planted in gardens and parks. In Spain and France, it is valued for its fragrant leaves, making it a favored garden shrub. In Greece, myrtle branches are used as decorations in festive occasions and homes.

In parts of North Africa and the Middle East, myrtle is still considered a sacred plant and is often planted around places of worship. In Morocco, traditional gardens feature myrtle, where its lush green leaves and soothing fragrance provide a sense of tranquility.

Historical Background

Myrtle has held a special meaning since ancient Greek and Roman times. In Greek mythology, it was dedicated to Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty, symbolizing love and eternal beauty.

In ancient Rome, myrtle wreaths were awarded to victors and heroes, representing glory and triumph.

During the Middle Ages, myrtle was cultivated in monastery gardens and revered as a religious plant. From the 17th century onward, it was widely grown as an ornamental plant across Europe. By the 19th century, myrtle became a symbol of “marital happiness” in Victorian England, a tradition that continues today in British royal weddings.

Gardening Advice

Myrtle is a hardy and easy-to-grow plant, but there are some key points to ensure healthy growth.

Sunlight

Prefers full sun. It can grow in partial shade but may produce fewer flowers.

Watering

Relatively drought-tolerant. Water young plants when the soil surface becomes dry. Mature plants can withstand dryness but need occasional watering during hot summers.

Soil

Prefers well-drained, moderately fertile soil. It grows well in sandy soil but thrives with organic-rich soil.

Fertilization

Apply slow-release fertilizer in spring and autumn to encourage flowering. Over-fertilization can result in excessive leaf growth.

Pruning

Trim after flowering or in late winter to maintain shape. Cutting back excessive growth helps keep a neat appearance.

Cold Tolerance

Fairly cold-resistant but may require winter protection in extremely cold climates. Potted plants should be brought indoors during winter.

Conclusion

Myrtle is a charming evergreen shrub with fragrant leaves and delicate white flowers. In Europe, it remains a symbol of weddings, particularly in British royal traditions. In the Mediterranean, it is commonly planted in gardens, while in North Africa and the Middle East, it is still regarded as a sacred plant.

Historically, myrtle was associated with love and victory in ancient Greece and Rome and later became significant in religious traditions during the Middle Ages.

Today, it is a widely cultivated ornamental plant used in hedges and gardens. Myrtle brings the charm of the Mediterranean into any garden or balcony, making it a wonderful addition to outdoor spaces.