Japanese plum

The Japanese plum, or ume, is an iconic flowering tree that signals the arrival of early spring in Japan, rich in history and cultural significance. Known for its graceful blossoms and fragrant aroma, it has been cherished for centuries.

This article covers basic information about the Japanese plum, its cultural background, and essential tips for successful cultivation.

Basic Information

• Scientific Name: Prunus mume
• Family: Rosaceae
• Origin: China
• Appearance: Japanese plum flowers are small, five-petaled blooms in shades of white, pale pink, and red, which bloom during the colder months of early spring. The tree has slender, arching branches, adding to its elegant appearance, and its flowers are known for their distinct, pleasant fragrance.
• Blooming Season: Japanese plum typically blooms from January to March and is known for its resilience, flowering even in cold weather.

Cultural Significance Around the World

The Japanese plum originated in China and was introduced to Japan, where it became cherished as a symbol of spring’s arrival. In Japan, it is known as “the first blossom of the year,” embodying qualities of “nobility” and “perseverance.” Japanese plum trees are widely planted in Japanese shrines and gardens, with events like “Ume Festivals” held across the country to celebrate their beauty.

Japanese plum also holds a deep presence in Japanese poetry, literature, and art, further embedding itself in the culture. The fruit is also significant in Japanese and Chinese culinary traditions, used in dishes such as plum wine (umeshu) and pickled plums (umeboshi), making it a staple in both floral and culinary customs.

Historical Episodes

The Japanese plum was introduced to Japan during the Nara period, where it quickly became a treasured plant among nobility and royalty. In the Heian period, it featured in many poems and literary works, often even more frequently than cherry blossoms.

A famous legend is that of the “Flying Plum” (Tobi-Ume), associated with Sugawara no Michizane, a prominent historical figure and admirer of the plum. When Michizane was exiled from Kyoto, his beloved plum tree is said to have uprooted itself and flown to his new location. Today, this “Flying Plum” is enshrined at Dazaifu Tenmangu Shrine in Fukuoka.

In the Edo period, the Japanese plum gained popularity among the general public, and plum gardens and festivals became widespread. For centuries, the Japanese plum has remained deeply cherished by Japanese people.

Gardening Advice

Japanese plum trees are relatively easy to care for, and with proper conditions, they will bloom each year. A location with ample sunlight and good air circulation is ideal. After flowering, prune any crowded branches to help shape the tree and encourage strong blooming in the following season.

Japanese plums prefer soil with good drainage and moderate moisture retention. When planting in the ground, mix in compost or leaf mold to enrich the soil. For potted Japanese plum trees, using a layer of light gravel or mesh at the bottom of the pot can improve drainage. Adding fertilizer during the dormant winter season will encourage a healthier bloom in spring.

Japanese plum trees are quite hardy, so winter protection is usually unnecessary. However, for younger trees, adding mulch around the roots can provide extra insulation.

Conclusion

The Japanese plum tree is a flower with rich cultural and historical ties in Japan, and it heralds the arrival of spring with its beautiful blooms. Its relative ease of care makes it suitable for any garden, whether planted directly in the ground or kept in a pot. Adding a Japanese plum tree to your garden will bring a touch of elegance and seasonal fragrance that celebrates the spirit of early spring.